The First Lady of the United States is the informal title of the president's wife, or in a few cases some other female relative of the President. To date, all presidents have been male and all have had a First Lady except Martin Van Buren, a widower at the time of his inauguration, and James Buchanan, a lifelong bachelor. While the role carries no formal responsibilities, she is typically the hostess of the White House, and a ceremonial representative of the government, together with the President or in her own right. Some First Ladies have had political careers beyond the service for their husbands; Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife and widow of Franklin D. Roosevelt, had an important role in the early United Nations and their Declaration of Human Rights.

The Vice President (VP) is elected on the same ticket as the President. The Vice President replaces the President when he is unable to carry out his office, casts tie-breaking votes in the Senate when necessary, and presides over federal impeachment trials (except when the President himself is impeached, in which case the Chief Justice presides). Unlike most other countries, the death or resignation of the President does not trigger new elections and the Vice President thus serves out the original term of the President. Vacancies in the Vice Presidency were left unfilled until the 25th Amendment to the Constitution was adopted in 1967; this amendment provides that a new Vice President shall be nominated by the President and confirmed by both houses of Congress.

The Cabinet is made up of the Vice President and around twenty leaders of various government departments. With the exception of the Vice President, all Cabinet members are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and may be dismissed by the President at any time.

George Washington (U), 1789–1797 — The only President to run without a party affiliation, also considered the father of the nation. Many monuments, schools, an entire U.S. state and the federal capital are named in his honor.

• 38.889469-77.0352581 Washington Monument, National Mall, Washington, D.C., ☏ +1 202 426-6841. (updated Aug 2018)
• 39.2975-76.61582 Washington Monument, Intersection of Monument Pl. and Mt Vernon Pl., Baltimore. At the turn of the 19th century, Baltimorians lobbied for a monument dedicated to the United States' first president, and in 1829 — over a half-century before its more famous counterpart in D.C. — Washington's first monument finished construction. It is now the focal point of the Mount Vernon neighborhood. Visitors can climb to the top (more than 160 feet high) with admission to see a panoramic view of the city.  
• 38.186111-76.9305563 George Washington Birthplace National Monument, 1732 Popes Creek Road, Colonial Beach, Virginia, ☏ +1 804 224-1732 ext 227.  
• 38.807481-77.0659814 George Washington Masonic National Memorial, 101 Callahan Drive, Alexandria, Virginia. (updated Aug 2018)
• 38.708-77.08615 Mount Vernon, 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia, ☏ +1 703 780-2000, [email protected]. A former plantation that was George Washington's home for much of his adult life, and the location of his tomb. Also located on the property is the Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington, a library housing documents from Washington's presidency, thus making it Washington's de facto presidential library.  
• 40.7072-74.01036 Federal Hall National Memorial, 26 Wall St, Financial District, Manhattan. On this site on April 30, 1789, George Washington stood on a balcony overlooking Wall Street and was inaugurated as the first president of the United States. The old building on the site had been used as New York's city hall and had hosted some of the first congregations of the colonies in the lead-up to the American Revolution, such as the Stamp Act Congress. After the revolution the building, now Federal Hall, briefly housed Congress, the Supreme Court, and Executive Branch offices before the national capital moved to Philadelphia. The current building dates to 1842 and was used first as a Customs House, then later the US Sub-Treasury (millions of dollars of gold and silver were kept in the basement vaults). Today the building is maintained by the National Park Service as a museum dedicated to the history of the site. Guided tours of the building are available, or you can just walk in and look up at the rotunda and view some of the artifacts, such as the bible Washington used in his inauguration ceremony. Free. (updated Sep 2018)
• 40.033778-75.1717787 Germantown White House, 5442 Germantown Ave, Northwest Philadelphia. (updated Sep 2018)

Several homes of Washington's direct ancestors and family members have been preserved:

• 52.103-1.1848 Sulgrave Manor and Garden (near Brackley, England). (updated Sep 2018)
• 54.9027-1.516449 Washington Old Hall, Washington (England). (updated Sep 2018)
• 38.881167-77.0726510 Arlington House, Arlington National Cemetery. (updated Oct 2018)

During the Revolutionary War, General Washington used a number of houses and other buildings as military headquarters. Several are historical sites today.

• 42.3767-71.126411 Longfellow House, 105 Brattle St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ☏ +1 617 876-4491. The home of famed 19th century poet Henry W. Longfellow also served as headquarters for General George Washington during the Siege of Boston. The full guided tour takes just under an hour; there's a shorter tour which covers just the main floor or the gardens. (updated Sep 2018)

• 41.497778-74.0112 Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site (Hasbrouck House), 84 Liberty St., Newburgh, New York. Military history museum on a site where Washington rejected the idea of a monarchy, circulating a letter to state governors proposing key principles for the new republic and creating a Badge of Military Merit as the forerunner to the Purple Heart. (updated Sep 2018)
• 40.83445-73.9385713 Morris-Jumel Mansion, 65 Jumel Terrace, Upper Manhattan (Subway:  C  to 163rd St; Bus: M2, M3, M100, or M101), ☏ +1 212 923-8008. Built in 1765, this mansion is the oldest house on Manhattan Island, and it served as George Washington's headquarters in 1776. Since turned into a museum set on a 1.5-acre park, it features a decorative-arts collection representing the colonial and Revolutionary War periods. Washington's office is among the twelve restored rooms.  
• 40.703333-74.01138914 Fraunces Tavern, 54 Pearl Street, Financial District, Manhattan. Between 1785–1788, 54 Pearl St. contained the original offices of the Departments of Foreign Affairs, War and Treasury. (updated Sep 2018)

Many innkeepers make the claim that "George Washington slept here". Some of the more verifiable claims include:

• 36.982-76.63215 Smithfield Inn B&B, 112 Main St, Smithfield, Virginia, ☏ +1 757-357-1752. Former tavern (1759) and residence with brick fireplaces and low ceilings. $155. 
• 32.776111-79.93361116 John Rutledge House Inn, Charleston, South Carolina, toll-free: +1 800-476-9741. Breakfast inn (1791) with inlaid floors and elaborate ironwork. $180.  

John Adams (F), 1797–1801 — First Vice President and also one of the founders. Lost reelection in part due to the "three-fifths clause" of the Constitution that gave more electoral weight to the South (which supported Jefferson).

• 42.256389-71.0113891 Adams National Historical Park, 135 Adams St, Quincy, Massachusetts, ☏ +1 617 770-1175. The birthplace of presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams was the farm homestead of five generations, including Ambassador Charles Francis Adams and writers and historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams. A presidential library is on-site; a church where both presidents (and their first ladies) were buried is adjacent.  
• 39.949-75.15072 Congress Hall, Chestnut St at 6th, Old City Philadelphia. Part of the Independence National Historical Park, which also includes Independence Hall, Congress Hall is where Congress met between 1790 and 1800. Washington was inaugurated for his second term there, and Adams took the oath of office there as well. That latter event, in 1797, attracted international attention; dignitaries from overseas came to witness an event that some weren't sure could happen: a bloodless, non-hereditary transfer of power. (updated Feb 2020)

Thomas Jefferson (D-R), 1801–1809 — Principal author of the Declaration of Independence. As President, negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from France which doubled the land area of the U.S., then sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark west from St. Louis on a voyage to explore the new territory. Founded the University of Virginia after leaving office. His gravestone does not mention him being President.

• 38.881389-77.0369441 Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C., ☏ +1 202 426-6841.  
• 38.008529-78.4531312 Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia, ☏ +1 434 984-9800. The residence of Thomas Jefferson. The grounds include the house, the gardens, slave quarters, and Thomas Jefferson's grave. Open daily. Also on the property is the Jefferson Library, Jefferson's de facto presidential library that houses many historical documents from his presidency. Adults $25 (Mar–Oct), $18 (Nov–Feb), Children $8, Annual Pass $50.  
• 37.5705-77.65323 Tuckahoe Plantation, west of Richmond, Virginia, ☏ +1 804 774-1614. Boyhood home of Thomas Jefferson. (updated Aug 2018)
• 37.3483-79.2654 Poplar Forest, 1542 Bateman Bridge Rd, Forest, Virginia (near Lynchburg), ☏ +1 434-525-1806. (updated Mar 2019)

James Madison (D-R), 1809–1817 — Considered the "Father of the Bill of Rights". Led the U.S. through the War of 1812.

• 38.2197-78.16945 Montpelier, 11350 Constitution Highway, Montpelier Station, Virginia (near Locust Dale), ☏ +1 540 672-2728 ext 450. M-F 9AM–4PM, Sa Su 9AM–4:30PM. Adult $22. (updated Aug 2018)

James Monroe (D-R), 1817–1825 — President during the post-War of 1812 "Era of Good Feelings", a brief period of remarkable political unity in which there was only one political party (Monroe ran for reelection unopposed, the only president ever to do so). Liberia's capital Monrovia is named after him, due to his support of the American Colonization Society's efforts to return former slaves to Africa. Asserted the Monroe Doctrine, intended to proscribe future European colonization of the Americas. Acquired Florida from Spain.

• 37.535-77.4555566 James Monroe Tomb, Hollywood Cemetery, 412 S. Cherry St., Richmond, Virginia.  
• 38.3019-77.46177 James Monroe Museum and Memorial Library, 908 Charles Street, Fredericksburg, Virginia, ☏ +1 540 654-1043. (updated Aug 2018)
• 37.982222-78.4552788 Highland (James Monroe house), 2050 James Monroe Parkway, Charlottesville, Virginia, ☏ +1 434 293-8000, [email protected].  

John Quincy Adams (D-R), 1825–1829 — Son of John Adams. Won election in a four-way race that had to be decided by the House of Representatives, after he had not come in first in either the electoral or popular vote. The first person to become president despite losing the nationwide popular vote. Became an opponent of slavery after leaving the White House.

• 42.2391-71.00429 John Quincy Adams Birthplace, 141 Franklin Street, Quincy, Massachusetts. A part of Adams National Historical Park, listed above.  

Andrew Jackson (D), 1829–1837 — Before taking office, he won a significant battle over the British in New Orleans in 1815, at the end of the War of 1812. He was also involved in a bloody battle against Native Americans; there are several monuments commemorating his military record. While in office, Jackson ordered the forcible relocation of some Native American tribes to what is now Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears; thousands perished en route.

• 29.957505-90.0629511 Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson, Jackson Square (French Quarter, New Orleans). Following the 1815 Battle of New Orleans against the United Kingdom, the last battle of the 1812 war (taking place after a peace treaty had already been signed in London), the former Place d'Armes was renamed Jackson Square, for the battle's victorious General Jackson. This victory made him a national hero. Alexis de Tocqueville later wrote in Democracy in America that Jackson "was raised to the Presidency, and has been maintained there, solely by the recollection of a victory which he gained, twenty years ago, under the walls of New Orleans." The statue was erected in 1856. (updated Aug 2018)
• 34.841-80.8072 Large bronze statue of Andrew Jackson, Andrew Jackson State Park, 196 Andrew Jackson Park Road (near Indian Land, South Carolina).  
• 38.899508-77.0365583 Andrew Jackson equestrian bronze sculpture, Lafayette Square (West End, Washington, D.C.). A 1928 bronze sculpture of Andrew Jackson, identical to the one at Jackson Square, part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. Other identical copies are installed in Nashville, on the grounds of the Tennessee State Capitol; and in Jacksonville, Florida. Other equestrian statues of Jackson have been erected elsewhere, as in the State Capitol grounds in Raleigh, North Carolina, sculpted by Anna Hyatt Huntington, depicting a young Jackson astride a farm horse.  
• 32.9708-85.73834 Horseshoe Bend National Military Park, 11288 Horseshoe Bend Rd, Daviston, Alabama, ☏ +1 256 234-7111. Major General Andrew Jackson‘s army of 3,300 men slaughtered over 800 of Chief Menawa’s 1,000 Red Stick Creek warriors in battle here on 27 March 1814, inflicting a crushing defeat which ultimately cost the natives 23,000,000 acres of their land. (updated Sep 2018)
• 36.214972-86.6129725 The Hermitage, 4580 Rachel's Lane, Nashville, Tennessee, ☏ +1 615 889-2941, [email protected]. This mansion with its carefully-manicured gardens was once Jackson's home; the facility is now a museum. Jackson's Tomb is nearby. Adult $20. (updated Aug 2018)

Martin Van Buren (D), 1837–1841 — The only president to speak English as a second language (Dutch was his native language), Van Buren's New York roots are a legacy of the Netherlands in North America. He was also the first president to have been born a citizen of the United States, as all previous presidents had been British subjects at the time of birth.

• 42.369706-73.7042066 Martin Van Buren National Historic Site, 1013 Old Post Road, Kinderhook, New York, ☏ +1 518 758-9689 ext 2040. Former Van Buren home, tours offered hourly on weekends; the gravesites of President Martin Van Buren, his wife Hannah and his son are nearby, at the Kinderhook Dutch Reformed Cemetery on Albany Ave. (updated Aug 2018)

William Henry Harrison (W), 1841 — First president to die in office, only a month after his inauguration. The first of an odd pattern of deaths in office at twenty-year intervals which continued through Lincoln (elected 1860) to Kennedy (elected 1960) and was claimed by some to be a native curse dating from Tecumseh and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

• Public monuments
  • statue at the base of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument in downtown Indianapolis
  • a bronze statue of Harrison on horseback Cincinnati's Piatt Park
  • the Tippecanoe County Courthouse in Lafayette, Indiana
  • a limestone-relief carving is part of a sculpture in front of the Harrison County visitors' center in Corydon, Indiana
  • the Ten O'Clock Line Monument in Owen County, Indiana
• 38.685489-87.5260061 Grouseland, 3 West Scott St., Vincennes, Indiana, ☏ +1 812 882-2096. Harrison's residence while Governor of the Indiana territory. (updated Aug 2018)
• 39.1517-84.75222 William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial, 41 Cliff Rd., North Bend, OH (near Cincinnati, at Congress Green Cemetery). (updated Sep 2018)

John Tyler (U), 1841–1845 — First vice-president to assume the presidency upon the death of his predecessor. Elected as a Whig, but expelled from the party soon after his inauguration after a clash with powerful senator Henry Clay and the resignation of nearly his entire Cabinet; unaffiliated with any party for most of his term. Approved the annexation of Texas only a few days before leaving office.

• 37.334167-77.02027817 Sherwood Forest Plantation, Charles City, Virginia (one of the James River Plantations near Williamsburg), ☏ +1 804 829-5377, [email protected]. House tours are available by appointment.  

James K. Polk (D), 1845–1849 — Polk's single term was a time of rapid territorial expansion: the annexation of Texas was finalized, the Mexican-American War ended with the U.S. conquering the northern third of Mexico, i.e. California and much of the modern-day Southwest, and the Oregon Treaty with Great Britain added what's now the Pacific Northwest and Idaho.

• 35.614919-87.0373227 James K. Polk Ancestral Home, 301 W. 7th Street, Columbia, Tennessee, ☏ +1 931 388-2354. Adult $10.  
• 35.0779-80.88178 President James K. Polk Historic Site, Pineville, North Carolina, ☏ +1 704 889-7145, [email protected]. Tu–Sa 9AM–5PM. Free. (updated Aug 2020)

Zachary Taylor (W), 1849–1850 — Second president to die in office. Sometimes speculated to have been poisoned by hardline pro-slavery people.

• 38.278056-85.6430563 Zachary Taylor National Cemetery, 4701 Brownsboro Road, Louisville, Kentucky, ☏ +1 502 893-3852. (updated Aug 2018)

Millard Fillmore (W), 1850–1853 — Signed the Compromise of 1850, which staved off civil war for awhile longer at the price of enraging both sides of the slavery dispute. As his Fugitive Slave Act allowed Southern slave catchers to forcibly abduct freedom seekers in Northern states, a clandestine Underground Railroad was assembled by anti-slavery Northerners and free blacks to spirit fugitives onward to freedom in Canada.

• 42.7689-78.62244 Millard Fillmore Museum, 24 Shearer Ave., East Aurora, New York, ☏ +1 716 652-4735. W Sa Su 1–3PM, Jun–Oct. The only remaining residence (other than the White House) of President Fillmore, who built the house himself and resided in it from 1826 to 1830. It's now restored to its period appearance and furnished with authentic pieces belonging to the Fillmore family. One-hour tours. Listed as a national historic landmark. Adult $10.  

Franklin Pierce (D), 1853–1857 — Presided over the "Gadsden Purchase" of what is now southern Arizona and New Mexico, the last major land acquisition in what is now the contiguous U.S. The land was supposed to be used for a southerly route of a transcontinental railroad, but that plan never materialized.

• 43.116389-71.9505569 Franklin Pierce Homestead, 301 2nd NH Turnpike, Hillsborough, New Hampshire, ☏ +1 603 478-3165. Adult $5.  
• 43.2175-71.542810 The Pierce Manse, 14 Horseshoe Pond Lane, Concord, New Hampshire, ☏ +1 603 225-4555. Tu–Sa 10AM–3PM Jun–Aug, Sa 10AM–3AM Sep,. Franklin Pierce's family home is open for guided tours June–October. $7/adult, $6/senior, $3/kids. (updated Sep 2018)

James Buchanan (D), 1857–1861 — Chosen largely because he had been abroad during the time the debate over slavery got heated. Did nothing during the secession crisis. Several members of his Cabinet became openly pro-secession during his lame duck period, with Buchanan doing nothing to stop it.

• 39.870833-77.95388911 Buchanan's Birthplace State Park, near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania (near Mercersburg). A stone pyramid marks the site of Buchanan's birthplace cabin in a gap of Tuscarora Mountain. The cabin has been moved to Mercersburg Academy, a private prep school, and there's also a statue of him at 12 S Main St. (updated Nov 2020)
• 38.91965-77.0349812 James Buchanan Memorial, Meridian Hill Park, Northwest, Washington, D.C. (updated Aug 2018)
• 40.043139-76.33069413 Wheatland (James Buchanan House), 1120 Marietta Ave., Lancaster, Pennsylvania, ☏ +1 717-392-4633.  

Abraham Lincoln (R), 1861–1865 — His election led 11 Southern states to secede, causing the American Civil War. However, he led the remaining U.S. states, called the Union, to victory over the Southern states, and abolished slavery nationwide. Assassinated in 1865, the first of four U.S. presidents to suffer such a fate.

• 38.896667-77.0258331 Ford's Theatre Museum, 511 10th St. NW, Washington, D.C. (between E St & F St), ☏ +1 202 347-4833. A great museum detailing the life of Abraham Lincoln and the place where he was assassinated. Free.  
• 38.889444-77.0502782 Lincoln Memorial, National Mall, Washington, D.C. Most of the D.C. memorials, especially those for U.S. leaders, are meant to awe and impress in a very direct manner. None more so than this impressive monument in a commanding location at the end of the Mall. Modeled after the Greek Temple of Zeus, Lincoln sits with a commanding presence overlooking the reflecting pool, straight across the Mall to the Washington Monument and beyond it the Capitol Building. Few monuments in the world can match the simple power of the Lincoln Memorial at night. (updated Aug 2018)
• 39.823333-89.6558333 Lincoln Tomb, Oak Ridge Cemetery, 1441 Monument Ave., Springfield, Illinois. (updated Aug 2018)
• 37.531389-85.7361114 Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park, 2995 Lincoln Farm Road, Hodgenville, Kentucky, ☏ +1 270 358-3137.  
• 37.573909-85.741015 Lincoln Museum, 66 Lincoln Square, Hodgenville, Kentucky, ☏ +1 270 358-3163. 
• 38.118333-86.9969446 Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana, ☏ +1 812 937-4541. See Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial for further details.  
• 39.797222-89.6457 Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 413 S. 8th Street, Springfield, Illinois, ☏ +1 217 492-4241. The site features Abraham Lincoln's residence of 17 years, beautifully restored to its 1860 appearance. Entry to the home is only by ranger guided tour, but tickets can be obtained at the Visitor Center desk, and admission is free. The Visitor Center also offers an orientation film, along with other exhibits that change periodically. In addition to the home, a four-block area has been preserved to look as it would in Lincoln's time period. Several of the other homes feature exhibits as well.  
• 41.284035-73.9303938 Lincoln Depot Museum, 10 S. Water Street, Peekskill, New York, ☏ +1 914 402-4318, [email protected].  
• 39.8032-89.64739 Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, 212 N 6th St, Springfield, Illinois.  
• 39.3806-88.205610 Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site, 402 S. Lincoln Highway Rd , Lerna, Illinois, ☏ +1 217 345-1845. (updated Sep 2018)
• 38.941667-77.01166711 President Lincoln's Cottage at the Solder's Home, Rock Creek Church Rd & Upshur St NW, Petworth, Washington, D.C. (updated Sep 2018)
• 38.961111-89.09388912 Vandalia State House, Vandalia, Illinois. (updated Sep 2018)
• 38.05126-84.5027713 Mary Todd Lincoln House, 578 W Main St, Lexington, Kentucky (downtown, 3 blocks NW of Broadway), ☏ +1 859 233-9999. Tours mid-March–Nov: M–Sa 10AM–3PM. The two-story girlhood home of Abraham Lincoln's wife, and the nation's first shrine to a First Lady. The 14-room house contains period furniture, furnishings from the Todds and Lincolns, and family portraits. Adults $15, children 6–12 $6, children under 6 free.  

Andrew Johnson (D), 1865–1869 — Elected to the Vice Presidency in the midst of the Civil War as a "war Democrat" on a "National Union" ticket with Lincoln; ascended to presidency after Lincoln's assassination and was later unsuccessfully impeached due to disputes with Republicans in Congress over the postwar "reconstruction" of the South. Signed the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

• 36.158333-82.83514 Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, 121 Monument Ave., Greeneville, Tennessee, ☏ +1 423 638-3551. The site includes Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street, Johnson's house on Main Street, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. (updated Oct 2020)
• 36.1736-82.762515 President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library, Tusculum University, Greeneville, Tennessee. (updated Sep 2018)
• 35.7925-78.632916 Mordecai House, 1 Mimosa St. Raleigh, North Carolina, ☏ +1 919 996 4364. Andrew Johnson's birthplace is located on the house's grounds.  

Ulysses S. Grant (R), 1869–1877 — Union general who accepted the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox. Last president to try to advance African-American civil rights for several decades. Decisively smashed the first iteration of the Ku Klux Klan. Wrote a widely acclaimed and bestselling autobiography that deals with his pre-presidential life.

• 40.81345-73.9630514 Grant's Tomb (General Grant National Memorial), Riverside Drive and 122nd St., Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, New York (Subway:  1  to 125th St.), ☏ +1 212 666-1640. Daily 9AM–5PM. General Ulysses S. Grant and his wife are buried in this imposing mausoleum, the largest tomb in North America. If you come when it is closed, you can still see the impressive facade, but coming during open hours gives you the opportunity to view the murals, the tomb and various documentation inside. Across Riverside Drive, there is a viewpoint to look across the Hudson River, a museum, gift shop and restrooms.  
• 38.894167-84.23277815 Grant Birthplace, 1551 State Route 232, Point Pleasant, Ohio, ☏ +1 513 497-0492, toll-free: +1-800-283-8932.  
• 38.866111-83.90222216 Grant Boyhood Home, 219 East Grant Avenue, Georgetown, Ohio, ☏ +1 877 372-8177, [email protected]. Adult $5.  
• 43.200961-73.74576717 Grant Cottage State Historic Site, 1000 Mt McGregor Rd., Wilton, New York (near Saratoga Springs), ☏ +1 518 584-4353, [email protected]. Adult $6.  
• 42.418056-90.43138918 Ulysses S. Grant Home, 511 Bouthillier St., Galena, Illinois. This was the place where Grant worked as a "lackluster clerk" (according to the Ken Burns documentary about the American Civil War) before re-joining the Army and rising to be the highest ranking Union general of his age famed for winning the war — a fame which would ultimately propel him to the White House  
• 38.551111-90.35194419 White Haven (Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site), 7400 Grant Road, St. Louis, Missouri, ☏ +1 314 842-1867. The plantation of Grant's in-laws, the Dents. Grant lived here for a period and even owned a slave, who he later freed despite the economic hardship he was in. By all accounts, Grant was a terrible slave owner by the standards of his time as he treated his and his in-laws' slaves with humanity and respect, never whipping them and "paying them too much".  
• 37.3786-78.796420 Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, 111 National Park Dr, Appomattox, Virginia. Site where Grant accepted the surrender of Confederate general Robert E. Lee, thus ending the American Civil War with victory for the Union. (updated Nov 2020)
• 38.889789-77.01291421 Ulysses S. Grant Memorial, west of the Capitol, Washington, D.C. (updated Sep 2018)
• 33.452603-88.78827722 Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library, on the campus of Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi. (updated Nov 2020)

Rutherford B. Hayes (R), 1877–1881 — called "Rutherfraud" due to the dubious nature of his election in which he lost the popular vote. Democrats accepted his election in return for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South — often considered the end of Reconstruction — which led to the disenfranchisement of African-Americans and many poor whites. Mediated in the aftermath of a war that pitted Paraguay against Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil; widely seen as a national hero in Paraguay due to this.

• 41.3417-83.129423 Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library and Museums, Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, ☏ +1 419 332-2081. The sprawling estate of the Hayes household. (updated Aug 2018)

James Garfield (R), 1881 — Assassinated after only a few months in office, apparently by somebody who felt snubbed for an appointment to federal office.

• 41.66396-81.35090724 James A. Garfield National Historic Site, 8095 Mentor Ave, Mentor, Ohio, ☏ +1 440 255-8722. Garfield's summer farm house (updated Jun 2020)
• 38.888889-77.01222225 James A. Garfield Monument, First Street, S.W., and Maryland Avenue, Washington, D.C.. (updated Sep 2018)

Chester Arthur (R), 1881–1885 — Garfield's former vice-president, initially widely mistrusted as a protégé of corrupt New York State Republican boss Roscoe Conkling, unexpectedly embraced the cause of civil service reform, rooting out cronyism in political hiring. Signed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, which prohibited all ethnic Chinese from immigrating to the U.S.

• 44.814446-72.93240126 Chester Alan Arthur State Historic Site, 4588 Chester Arthur Rd., Fairfield, Vermont (near St. Albans), ☏ +1 802 933-8362. A recreation of Chester Arthur's boyhood home with a granite monument and nature trail. The site of the church where his father was minister is about a mile away (although the current brick church building was built a few years later, in 1840). Donations appreciated. (updated Feb 2020)
• 40.742778-73.982527 Chester A. Arthur House, 123 Lexington Avenue, Gramercy Flatiron, Manhattan, New York. Chester Alan Arthur's home in Manhattan, where he took the oath of office after Garfield's assassination. Now it's a specialty spice shop called Kalustyan's, but an unobtrusive plaque marks the building's history. (updated Dec 2022)

Grover Cleveland (D), 1885–1889 and 1893–1897 — One of two presidents to serve two terms non-consecutively. Campaigned on a promise to clean up corruption and end the spoils system (as he had done as governor of New York). His second term was hampered by an economic depression and labor unrest, including the Pullman Strike of 1893 which he brutally suppressed. His non-interventionist foreign policy and support of Venezuela in its dispute with British Guiana helped improve U.S. relations with Latin America.

• 40.8369-74.271917 Grover Cleveland Birthplace, 207 Bloomfield Ave., Caldwell, New Jersey (near Nutley). (updated Aug 2018)
• 42.914528-78.79545418 George Urban Mansion, 280 Pine Ridge Rd., Cheektowaga, New York, ☏ +1 716 536-7145. With a vineyard, a pond stocked with trout and carp, and extensive rose gardens, George Urban, Jr.'s nine-acre country estate served not only as a summer home for the prominent Buffalo miller and brewer himself, but also as an attractive retreat for his fellow bigwigs in the local German-American community. It was here, at an 1883 garden party at which Cleveland served as the guest of honor, where fellow brewer Gerhard Lang led a toast to the then-newly elected New York governor as "our next President". It was intended as a joke, but soon enough Cleveland had officially declared himself a candidate in the upcoming election, which he would go on to win. The George Urban Mansion opens to the public on an occasional basis for special events (check their Facebook page), but if your visit doesn't coincide with one of those, there's also a historic plaque in front that attests to its importance as unofficial launch site of Cleveland's first presidential campaign. (updated Mar 2021)

Benjamin Harrison (R), 1889–1893 — Grandson of William Henry Harrison. Continued to clean up corruption, but sharply increased the tariffs that his predecessor had lowered. Passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, the first meaningful attempt by the government to curb the power of big business. Established the first National Forests. A vociferous supporter of civil rights who advocated in vain for the enforcement of voting rights for black Southerners and a bigger federal role in education.

• 39.784083-86.154361