Monte Cofano Nature Reserve (Italian: Riserva Naturale Orientata Monte Cofano) is a protected coastal area in Trapani province, northwestern Sicily. It lies between Custonaci and the Gulf of Macari, where the triangular limestone massif of Monte Cofano rises dramatically from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The reserve preserves rugged cliffs, sea caves, Mediterranean scrub, and karstic slopes.

Monte Cofano Nature Reserve covers 537.5 hectares of dramatic coastal and mountain landscape in northwest Sicily. The limestone promontory, which juts into the Tyrrhenian Sea between Custonaci and Macari, features karst formations, marine caves, and sinkholes. With no paved roads, visitors explore on foot along scenic coastal paths and hillside trails. The reserve also protects historical watchtowers, traditional grazing land, and panoramic viewpoints overlooking the Gulf of Bonagia.

• Established: 1997 by regional decree
• Location: Between Custonaci, Castelluzzo, and Macari, northwest Sicily
• Size: ~537 hectares
• Ecology: Mediterranean scrub, karst formations, endemic flora, raptor nesting sites
• Protection: Natura 2000 site and Regional Nature Reserve
• Features: Coastal trails, sea caves, watchtowers, karstic valleys, and panoramic viewpoints

Flora and fauna

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Monte Cofano is home to rich Mediterranean vegetation, shaped by limestone soils, salt-laden winds, and seasonal streams. The flora includes dwarf palms (Chamaerops humilis), wild thyme, mastic trees, and several endemic or rare species adapted to rocky terrain. Fauna includes reptiles, small mammals, and numerous birds of prey—most notably Bonelli’s eagle and peregrine falcons—alongside kestrels, owls, and various songbirds.

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Map of Monte Cofano Nature Reserve

Monte Cofano’s highlights include historic watchtowers, prehistoric caves, and archaeological sites scattered around its coastal paths and slopes. Many landmarks date to the 16th century or earlier, while others reveal traces of human presence from prehistory. Most sites are reachable only on foot and offer stunning views of the sea and surrounding cliffs.

• 38.1095212.658941 Torre San Giovanni. A 16th-century Spanish coastal watchtower perched on a rocky promontory—originally built to spot pirate raids. Offers panoramic views over the Tyrrhenian Sea and Monte Cofano’s shoreline. 
• 38.1122112.66512 Grotta del Crocifisso. One of several karst caves within the Monte Cofano reserve. TheCrocifiss cave is approximately 6m high and 23m deep, just above a small roadside chapel. It’s part of the group known as the Grotte di Scurati. 
• 38.1081312.671213 Archaeological discoveries by Mauro Carpinteri (Scoperte archeologiche di Mauro Carpinteri). Remains of prehistoric or ancient human presence documented by researcher Mauro Carpinteri, hinting at early habitation of the area. 
• 38.1115312.679994 Torre della tonnara di Cofano (Cofano Tuna Fishery Tower). A 16th‑century star‑shaped coastal watchtower by the old tuna fishery, unique in Sicily and built to spot pirate raids. 
• 38.093812.672325 Grotta Mangiapane. A large prehistoric cave used since Neolithic times, now home to a reconstructed 19th‑century rural hamlet and folk museum. Just outside the reserve’s eastern entrance near Cornino. 

Monte Cofano can only be explored on foot, with marked trails that loop around the mountain or ascend to panoramic viewpoints. There are no roads within the reserve, so visitors must come prepared with sturdy shoes, sun protection, and plenty of water. Trailheads are accessible from both the eastern entrance near Cornino and the western side near Castelluzzo/Macari.

• Coastal Trail (Sentiero del Mare) – This scenic loop follows the coastline around Monte Cofano, starting at Cornino and passing landmarks such as Cala Tonnara, Grotta del Crocifisso, Torre San Giovanni, and Cala Macarese. The trail ends near Castelluzzo/Macari and can be walked in either direction. Approx. 10 km loop; ~2–3 hrs.

• Mid-Height Ridge Trail (Sentiero Baglio) – A quieter path that climbs along the mountain’s shoulder from the western side near Baglio Cofano and descends toward the eastern coast near Torre della Tonnara. Offers elevated views of the Gulf of Cofano and surrounding valleys. Approx. 8–9 km; ~2.5–3 hrs.
• Summit Trail (Sentiero della Scaletta) – A demanding ascent to the summit of Monte Cofano (659 m), beginning at the southern slope. The route includes rocky sections, occasional painted trail markers, and panoramic views over the reserve and sea. Not recommended in high heat or wet conditions. Approx. 7–8 km round-trip; ~4–5 hrs.
• Grand Loop + Summit (Traversata completa) – Combines the full coastal loop with the summit ascent, creating a challenging full-day hike around and over the mountain. Suitable for experienced hikers seeking varied terrain and sweeping vistas. Approx. 11–12 km; ~5 hrs.

There are no food vendors, cafes, or restaurants inside Monte Cofano Nature Reserve, so visitors should bring their own meals, snacks, and sufficient water. Shaded picnic spots can be found near the coastal trail and beaches, but all rubbish must be packed out—there are no bins or disposal facilities in the reserve. Use reusable containers where possible and avoid leaving food waste behind.

For provisions, nearby towns offer convenient options:

• Cornino (near the eastern entrance) has a few seaside cafes and minimarkets where you can stock up before entering the reserve.
• Custonaci, slightly inland, offers bakeries, supermarkets, and traditional eateries.

For those accessing the reserve from the west, Castelluzzo and Macari (along the SP16 road from San Vito lo Capo) have small grocery shops and restaurants offering local fare.

There are no fountains or drinkable water sources inside the reserve. Bring at least 1.5–2 L of water per person, especially in summer months when heat and sun exposure are intense. Refill in nearby towns like Cornino, Custonaci, or Castelluzzo before entering. Avoid relying on troughs or natural streams—they are not potable.

Monte Cofano is most often explored on a day-trip basis from nearby towns such as Erice, Trapani, or Castellammare del Golfo, all offering a range of hotels, B&Bs, and agriturismi.

Inside the reserve itself, limited lodging is available for hikers seeking a more immersive experience:

• 38.0968412.664051 Sicilia in Versi Guesthouse. A comfortable guesthouse near the western edge of the reserve, close to Baia di Cornino. Rooms are inspired by Sicilian literary figures and offer sea or mountain views. Breakfast is served on a terrace overlooking the coastline and the medieval town of Erice. 
• 38.1051512.697662 I Gelsi e la Talpa. Eco-friendly agriturismo in a restored 19th-century farmhouse (baglio), just inside the eastern edge of the reserve. Offers rustic rooms, olive grove views, and shared spaces with the resident host. Solar-powered hot water, pellet heating, and rainwater reuse reflect a strong environmental ethos. Surrounded by carob and olive trees, it’s a quiet and immersive base for hikers and nature lovers. 

Before heading in, confirm availability and book in advance—especially during peak season (May–September). There are no formal campsites or public facilities inside the reserve, and all visitors must respect park regulations.

Monte Cofano Nature Reserve is wild and beautiful, but basic precautions are essential—especially in summer.

• Heat – The sun can be intense, particularly from June to September. Carry plenty of water (at least 2 L per person), wear a hat, and avoid hiking during the hottest part of the day.
• Sun exposure – There is little to no shade along the trails or beaches. Sunscreen and lightweight, long-sleeved clothing are recommended.
• Footing – Paths can be uneven, rocky, and steep in places. Sturdy footwear is strongly advised.
• Swimming – Beaches are unmonitored, often with pebbly or rocky entrances. Swim only if confident in open water, and watch for sudden depth changes or currents.
• No phone signal – Mobile coverage is limited or nonexistent in parts of the reserve—don't rely on it for navigation or emergencies.

Monte Cofano sits within reach of several other natural and cultural highlights in western Sicily. From ancient hilltop towns to coastal wetlands and scenic reserves, there’s plenty to explore nearby:

• Erice – A beautifully preserved medieval town perched high above Trapani, offering panoramic views that include Monte Cofano. Wander cobbled streets, visit ancient churches and castles, and enjoy local almond pastries.
• Zingaro Nature Reserve – Sicily’s first nature reserve is further east along the coast. Offers a denser trail network, several pebbled coves, and small museums accessible only on foot.
• Stagnone Lagoon and Islands Nature Reserve – A shallow lagoon near Marsala known for its saltpans, red-roofed windmills, and migratory birdlife. Popular with kite-surfers, it also includes the ancient island of Mozia with Punic archaeological remains.