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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. It investigates various types of knowledge, including theoretical and practical knowledge, and related concepts, such as belief, truth, and justification. Epistemologists distinguish different sources of knowledge, ranging from perception and introspection to memory, reason, and testimony. The schools of skepticism and fallibilism question the existence and certainty of knowledge, while empiricism and rationalism debate whether all knowledge stems from sense experience. Theories discussing the nature and role of justification include foundationalism, coherentism, internalism, and externalism. Separate branches of epistemology focus on knowledge in specific fields, such as scientific, mathematical, moral, and religious knowledge. Other branches are characterized by the aspects of knowledge they investigate or the research methodologies they use. Early reflections on the nature, sources, and scope of knowledge are found in ancient Greek, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. (Full article...)

• ... that Sequoites dakotensis was first described from clay-filled casts (examples pictured) and not the original tree cones?
• ... that before becoming an actor, Jeremy Allen White trained in ballet, jazz, and tap dancing?
• ... that Laurence Sterne's journal of love letters reverses the found-manuscript literary device by claiming that his real diary is fictional?
• ... that Katsumaro Akamatsu, a founding member of the Japanese Communist Party, supported the expulsion of communists from the Japanese Federation of Labour?
• ... that Eleanor Island was first designated as a Migratory Bird Sanctuary and later as a National Wildlife Area to give it a stronger protection status?
• ... that Vermont politician William Baxter personally funded the construction of an Orleans County school, provided that the second floor was used for religious purposes?
• ... that a fictional character from Peg O' My Heart complained about his insomnia with netizens on Threads?
• ... that a candidate in the 1968 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware took his dog on the campaign trail?
• ... that an elderly Brazilian woman helped to arrest dozens of drug traffickers and corrupt police officers?

• The Australian Labor Party, led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese (pictured), wins a majority in the federal election.
• In Trinidad and Tobago, the United National Congress wins a majority in the general election.
• In Canada, the Liberal Party wins the most seats in the federal election.
• A power outage affects most of the Iberian Peninsula.
• An explosion and fire at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.

May 1: Beltane and Samhain in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Maharashtra Day in Maharashtra, India (1960); International Workers' Day; Law Day, Loyalty Day and National Day of Prayer (2025) in the United States

• 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retired as co-rulers of the Roman Empire, being succeeded by Galerius and Constantius Chlorus.
• 1794 – War of the Pyrenees: France regained nearly all the land it lost to Spain the previous year with its victory in the Second Battle of Boulou.
• 1931 – New York City's Empire State Building (pictured), at the time the tallest building in the world, opened.
• 1974 – Argentine president Juan Perón expelled Montoneros from a demonstration in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, forcing the group to become a clandestine organization.