Medinet Habu
مدينة هابو

Coptic: ϫⲏⲙⲉ
Medinet Habu Location within Egypt
Alternative name	Djamet (Late Egyptian) ḏꜣmwt in hieroglyphs
Region	Upper Egypt
Coordinates	25°43′11″N 32°36′03″E / 25.71972°N 32.60083°E / 25.71972; 32.60083
Type	Temple
History
Abandoned	9th century AD
Periods	Early Dynastic Period to Early Middle Ages
Site notes
Excavation dates	1913, 1924-present
Archaeologists	Theodore M. Davis, Uvo Hölscher, Harold H. Nelson

Medinet Habu (Arabic: مدينة هابو, romanized: Madīnat Hābū; Ancient Egyptian: ḏꜣmwt; Sahidic Coptic: (ⲧ)ϫⲏⲙⲉ, ϫⲏⲙⲏ, ϫⲉⲙⲉ, ϫⲉⲙⲏ, ϫⲏⲙⲓ; Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲏⲙⲓ) is an archaeological locality situated near the foot of the Theban Hills on the West Bank of the River Nile opposite the modern city of Luxor, Egypt. Although other structures are located within the area and important discoveries have also been made at these sites, the location is today associated almost synonymously with the largest and best preserved site, the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III. It was an important New Kingdom period temple structure in the West Bank of Luxor in Egypt. Aside from its size and architectural and artistic importance, the mortuary temple is probably best known as the source of inscribed reliefs depicting the advent and defeat of the Sea Peoples during the reign of Ramesses III (c. 1186–1155 BC), including the Battle of the Delta. Some of the building materials were re-used from earlier monuments including the destroyed mortuary temple of Tausret (c. 1191–1189 BC) the last known ruler and the final pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.^[1]

The site of these temples included an inhabited human settlement since pharaonic times, which continued until the 9th century, by which time it was a Coptic center. The last remnants of the former town were cleared during the excavations at the end of the 19th century.^[2]

Located adjacent to Medinet Habu, north of the outer wall, lies the poorly preserved memorial Temple of Ay (c. 1323–1319 BC) and Horemheb (c. 1300 BC). The temple was originally built by Ay and later usurped by Horemheb who removed all inscriptions and images of Ay.^[3][4]

The origins of the name Medinet Habu are unknown. The earliest attestations are the ones of European cartographers of the 17th–18th centuries who mention it as "Habu", "Medineh el Habou" and "Medinet Habu", with variants "Medinet Abu" and "Medinet Tabu".

The proposed etymologies include derivation from Coptic name for Luxor (Coptic: (ⲡ)ⲁⲡⲉ, romanized: (p)Ape) or from a name of high official of the 18th dynasty who was later deified known as Amenhotep, son of Hapu, (Ancient Egyptian: Jmn-ḥtp.w zꜣ ḥpw), but neither of them is considered plausible, as they do not explain the final long -u. The folk etymology attributes the name to a mythical king named Habu.^[5]

The old Arabic name of the place, Gabal Shama, (Arabic: جبل شامة) comes from Djami (Coptic: ϫⲏⲙⲉ), which in turn is derived from Ancient Egyptian ḏꜣmwt, of unclear etymology. The Bohairic Coptic form Tchami (Coptic: ϭⲏⲙⲓ) comes from Demotic Tḏmꜣʾ, which is preceded by a feminine article, as also seen in Sahidic ⲧϫⲏⲙⲉ. Whether Thebes (Ancient Greek: Θηβαι) should be a phonetic rendering of the Egyptian name is disputed.^[5]

In Greek the area was known as Memnonia (Ancient Greek: Μεμνονία) or Kastron Memnonionos (Ancient Greek: Κάστρον Μεμνονίωνος, romanized: castle of Memnon) and was associated with Memnon. This name survives in Colossi of Memnon.^[2]

The first European to describe the temple in modern literature was Vivant Denon, who visited it in 1799–1801.^[7] Jean-François Champollion spent a fortnight and a half at the site, as (Médinet-Habou), in 1829 as part of the Franco-Tuscan Expedition.^[8] John Gardner Wilkinson during 12 years in Egypt recording inscriptions and paintings spent a long period at Thebes.^[9][10] A Prussian expedition led by Karl Richard Lepsius worked in Thebes, mainly at Medinet Habu, from November 1844 until April 1845.^[11][12]

Work on the temple took place sporadically between 1859 and 1899, under the auspices of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities to prepare it for tourism. During these decades the main temple was cleared, and a large number of the Greco-Roman period buildings, including a substantial Byzantine Church in the second court, were destroyed without notes or records being taken.^[13]

Theodore M. Davis excavated at Medinet Habu in 1913 focusing primarily on the "Palace" of Rameses III along the southern side of the mortuary temple.^[14][15]

The further excavation, recording and conservation of the temple has been facilitated in chief part by the Architectural and Epigraphic Surveys of the University of Chicago Oriental Institute, almost continuously since 1924. The Architectural Survey, led by Uvo Hölscher, worked for five seasons until 1932. At the start the complex was "covered for the most part with mounds of rubbish ranging in height from 3 to 6 meters, the remains of houses from the former Coptic town of Habu".^[16] The Epigraphic Survey continues to the present day.^[17][18][19]

The temple, some 150 meters long, is of orthodox design, and closely resembles the nearby mortuary temple of Ramesses II (the Ramesseum). Many of the inscriptions and scenes are in similar locations and in some cases largely copied.^[20] The temple precinct measures approximately 210 m (690 ft). by 300 m (1,000 ft) and contains more than 7,000 m² (75,347 sq ft) of decorated wall reliefs. Its walls are relatively well preserved and it is surrounded by a massive mudbrick inner enclosure wall. A radiocarbon sample from the wall yielded a date of 1050-1020 ± 50BC.^[21] The area between the temple and inner wall originally held numerous temple outbuildings now mostly lost. The original temple entrance is through a fortified gate-house, known as a migdol (a common architectural feature of Asiatic fortresses of the time).^[22]

The entire south wall is inscribed with a liturgical calendar containing 1470 lines of hieroglyphs. The Ramesseum of Ramesses II was used as a source for much of the text though that exemplar is now much damaged. The text is mainly lists of offerings to be prepared for daily, monthly, and annual feasts. Those dates are in the civil calendar (vs one of the two Egyptian religious calendars).^[23] An excerpt from Ramesses Ill's Address to Amon-Re:

"Address of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of the Two Lands: Usermaatre Meriamon; Son of Re, Lord of Thrones: Ramesses, Prince of On, to his father Amon-Re, King of the Gods. "Behold, I know eternity, 0 my august father, and I am not ignorant of everlastingness. "My heart is glad for I know your strength is more than that of the [other] gods, since it is you who has fashioned their images and created their majesties [and] you have made the sky ...."^[24]

The first pylon leads into an open courtyard, lined with colossal statues of Ramesses III as Osiris on one side, and uncarved columns on the other. The second pylon leads into a peristyle hall, again featuring columns in the shape of Ramesses. The third pylon is reached by continuing up a ramp that leads through a columned portico and then opens into a large hypostyle hall (which has lost its roof). Reliefs and actual heads of foreign captives were also found placed within the temple, perhaps in an attempt to symbolise the king's control over Syria and Nubia.

In the Greco-Roman and Byzantine period, there was a church inside the temple structure, which has since been removed. Some of the carvings in the main wall of the temple have been altered by Christian carvings.

Ten tombs from the 6th to 8th century BC were found in the inner sanctum of the mortuary temple. Three could be identified including Nesterwy, daughter of 23rd dynasty pharaoh Rudamun, described as a "Songstress in the House of Amen".^[25]

The western and northern walls of the mortuary temple contain a number of reliefs detailing the military activities of Rameses III including his conflicts with the Nubians and Libyans. The combat scenes are accompanied by those showing preparations, for battle and distribution of weapons, divine intervention, returning victorious from battle, lion hunt, and the presenting of booty to the gods. These mostly follow the standard pharonic formula.^[26]

On the north wall are a series of 13 scenes which are viewed as a single military campaign beginning with the Libyans and ending with the "sea peoples". In one relief Rameses III and his troops rain arrows down on opponents in ships. In another he leads his troops in the destruction of feather helmeted opponents who are accompanied by women and children in oxcarts. Over a century ago Gaston Maspero proposed that these two panels represented the invasion of Egypt by purported "sea peoples" from Anatolia, a narrative which has now entered common public usage.^{[27][28][29][30]}

Two topographical lists, each toponym in a oval name-shield, are engraved on the front pylon of the mortuary temple with some topynyms now damaged. A number are copied from the topographical list of Rameses II at Karnak. There are 125 entrees on the south tower of the pylon ^[31][32][33] Another topographical list was inscribed by Rameses IV on the walls of the rear terrace, in the form of scenes showing the pharaoh making offering to the local deity of the locality. They are much damaged by time and later construction though some remain legible.^[34][35][36]

The memorial temple of Ramesses III (Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III) at Medinet Habu contains a minor list of pharaohs of the New Kingdom of Egypt. The inscriptions closely resemble the Ramesseum king list, which is a similar scene of Ramesses II, which was used as a template for the scenes here.

The scene shows Ramesses III participating in the ceremonies of the Festival of Min where statues of ancestral kings are carried in an elaborate procession to make offerings to Min. It contains 16 cartouches with the names of nine pharaohs divided into two parts.

The sparse outline of the scene was published by Vivant Denon in 1802,^[37] who was part of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798 to 1801, which published a slightly more detailed scene in 1809.^[38] Thirty years later, the complete scene including the cartouches of the kings was published by John Gardner Wilkinson in 1837,^[10] followed by Champollion^[39] and Lepsius.^[11] All the 19th-century editions contain omissions and errors, but in 1940 the Epigraphic Survey published the definitive (and complete) rendering of the scenes.^[40]

The scene is divided in two parts, on the left side, 7 statues of ancestors are being carried in a procession. The right side is led by nine kings. It has been proposed that while the figures date to Ramesses III the accompanying inscriptions were added by Ramesses IV and/or Ramesses V.^[41][42]

It remains in situ on the eastern second pylon in the second court, in the upper register on the eastern wall. It's also seen by some as an addition to the Abydos King List, as the Medinet Habu list contains some Rammasside pharaohs who reigned after the Abydos list was made.

The Mortuary Temple grounds are enclosed by a brick temenos wall. The wall contain fortified gates in the eastern and western walls. The enclosed grounds hold a few minor archaeological sites. The outer court originally included a large garden with a pool, described in the Papyrus Harris I of Ramesses III.

"In front of it [= the temple] I dug a pool copious with water, planted with trees and verdant as the Delta. . . . It was surrounded by arbors, courtyards, and orchards laden with fruit and flowers for thy {= Amon’s] countenance. I built their pavilions . .. and I excavated a pool before them, adorned with lotus blossoms."^[22]

The area to the south of the mortuary temple, between the pylons, was occupied by the mudbrick palace of Ramesses III. It would have been used by the king only on religious festival occasions at which he presided over and to act as his "Mansion of Millions of Years" after his death. It had two construction phases. The first phase was a near copy of the earlier Ramesseum palace of Ramesses II. It had two areas, a main throne room complex and a hallway with a series of 6 small two room apartments. The throne complex was entered via a stairway leading into an antechamber with 16 columns (window of appearances). The antechamber led into a 4 column audience hall with throne dais. The second construction phase used a much more elaborate and larger plan and added a second story. It now filled the entire space between the inner enclosure walls and the small apartments were turned into 3 large units, with bathrooms. The palace was much damaged by the 1913 excavation but the ground plan of the 2nd temple has been restored for visitors to see.^[22]

Just right of the entrance to the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III is the Small Temple dating to the 18th Dynasty, built by Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Originally it was dedicated the Ogdoad a group of eight Egyptian gods which included Amun. The 11th Dynasty elevated Amun to a major god and the temple became largely associated with him. It has undergone many alterations and modifications over the years, partially in the 20th, 25th, 26th, 29th and 30th dynasties and the Greco-Roman period.^[43][22] A long inscription was added by Pinedjem I (c. 1070-1055 BC) High Priest of Amun at Thebes. ^[44][45]

In the northeast corner of the outer court four combined mausoleums and mortuary shrines were built between the 8th and 6th centuries BC to the God's Wife of Amun (Divine Votaresses) in the area of the former pool of Ramses III of which two are still extant. The chapels were of Shepenwepet I, Amenardis I, Shepenwepet II, and Ankhnesneferibré.^[22] The chapels were constructed mainly of Nubian siliceous sandstone from the quary at Gebel el-Silsila.^[46]

The tomb of Harsiese, Third Intermediate Period ruler of Thebes, was found in 1932. The superstructure was lost in antiquity (though a re-used inscribed block was later found) but the substructure remained. The substructure had an "inclined entrance passage with steps cut in the floor, an antechamber, and a burial chamber".^[47] It was located "just outside the enclosure wall of the small temple of Amun called 'Holiest of Places'".^[48]

"... in the trough of a granite coffin (JE 60137) made for Ramesses II's sister, Henutmire, (and) closed with a hawk-Headed lid. When cleared, four canopic jars were found....No trace of any lids have survived, suggesting that such items may have been of [perishable] wood[.]"^[49]

The remains of the residence of Butehamon (c. 1070 BC) were found in the outer court near the Western Fortified Gate of the mortuary temple. He was the son of Dhutmose and a royal scribe and overseer of the royal treasury in the Theban Necropolis in the 20th dynasty and into 21st dynasty, when the residence would have been built based on papyrus texts. Of the two surviving main rooms, one was square with a stone dais and four stuccoed sandstone columns with palm-leaf capitals. The columns had "inscriptions and scenes in which Amun-Re and the deified kings Amunhotep I and Ahmose-Nefretere are worshiped as the protecting deities of the Necropolis".^{[50][51] [52] [53]} Radiocarbon dating of a palm wood charcoal sample yielded the anomalous date of 1510 ± 40BC.^[21]

The Coptic settlement at Medinet Habu was established as the final stage of a continuous process of occupation of the mortuary complex of Ramses III, which began in pharaonic times and continued into the Roman and Late Antique period. The settlement was a densely populated town with an estimated population of 18,860 residents, which was installed in various inner sectors, including the temple itself. The settlement pattern matched that of the Karnak and Luxor temples, with large blocks of houses separated by narrow streets and religious buildings as important focal points of the urban texture.^[54]

Several churches were built in different sectors of the mortuary temple, including the great five-aisled basilica known as the "Holy Church of Djeme", which was located in the second court of Ramses III's temple. The church had a north–south orientation cutting across the original axis of the temple and was provided with a font and a well, placed at the southern end of the central nave. The church was dated between the 5th and the 7th century by Monneret de Villard, while Grossmann suggested an attribution to the middle or second half of the 6th century.

Before the clearing of the temple at the end of the 19th century, much of the Coptic town was still visible as it was left after its abandonment in the 9th century. The settlement's religious buildings, including the Holy Church of Djeme, were damaged over time, with one of the Ramesside columns on the east side removed to accommodate the apse and the Osiris pillars cut away since they were inappropriate in a Christian building. Sparse graffiti and damage are all that remain after the removal of the church in modern times.^[2]

• 
  Sketch of the inscriptions on the northeast wall at the temple, by James Henry Breasted
• 
  Migdol entrance to Medinet Habu from the south-east
• 
  Ceiling decoration in the peristyle hall
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  First pylon and the forecourt
• 
  1872 orientalist painting by Wilhelm Gentz, set in the peristyle court
• 
  Ramessid columns in the peristyle court (first courtyard)
• 
  First courtyard and second pylon from inside
• 
  Second courtyard and the facade of the peristyle hall
• 
  One of the towers of migdol entrance as seen from the north at Medinet Habu
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  Columns in the First Courtyard
• 
  Reliefs, Egyptian hieroglyphs art
• 
  Ramesses III prisoner tiles: Glass and faience inlays found at the royal palace of Medinet Habu depicting Egypt's traditional enemies
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  Egypt - Medinet Habu, Thebes. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection
• 
  Egypt - Pavilion of Rameses III, Thebes. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection
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  Medinet Habu Temple Ceiling
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  Medinet Habu Temple Ceiling
• 
  Medinet Habu Temple, Piles of Hands. An accounting method of determining how many killed in battle
• 
  Medinet Habu Temple, Piles of Genitals. An accounting method of determining how many killed in battle
• 
  Medinet Habu Temple Column Detail
• 
  Column Detail from the grand hypostyle hall
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  Medinet Habu Temple Column Detail
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  Medinet Habu Temple, Column Detail
• 
  Habu Temple Scene. Note the colors.
• 
  Foor details, first hypostyle Hall.
• 
  Habu Temple Scene. Pharaoh Rules.
• 
  Habu Temple Scene. Note the God gives Pharaoh an Ankh, life.
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  Scale model at the Milwaukee Public Museum
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  Medinet Habu grounds
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  Temple entrance
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  The Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III
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  First Pylon of the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III
• 
  Ceiling decoration in the peristyle hall

• Media related to Medinet Habu at Wikimedia Commons
• Sea Peoples
• Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III

• [22]Delpeut, Lonneke, and Frederik Rogner, "The king himself training his horses: two new perspectives on an unusual scene in Ramesses Ill’s temple at Medinet Habu", Göttinger Miscellen 268, pp. 49-65, 2022
• Di Cerbo, Christina and Jasnow, Richard, "Building Dipinti at Medinet Habu (With an Appendix on Remains of Color Decoration in the Palace)", En détail – Philologie und Archäologie im Diskurs: Festschrift für Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert, edited by Marc Brose, Peter Dils, Franziska Naether, Lutz Popko and Dietrich Raue, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 239-260, 2019
• Dodson, Aidan", "Rameses III, king of Egypt: his life and afterlife", American University in Cairo Press, 2019 ISBN 978-9774169403
• Edgerton, William F., "Preliminary Report on the Ancient Graffiti at Medinet Habu", The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 116–27, 1934
• [23]Kenneth A. Kitchen, "Ramesside Inscriptions", Vol V, pp. 205:12-13; 209:11-12, Oxford, 1983
• Monderson, Frederick, "Medinet Habu: Mortuary Temple of Ramses III", AuthorHouse, 2009
• Nelson, Harold H., "The naval battle pictured at Medinet Habu", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2.1, pp. 40-55, 1943
• Nelson, Harold H., "Certain Reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu and the Ritual of Amenophis I", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 201–32, 1949
• Nims, Charles F., "Another Geographical List from Medīnet Habu", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 38.1, pp. 34-45, 1952
• Teeter, Emily, "Amunhotep son of Hapu at Medinet Habu", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 81.1, pp. 232-236, 1995
• H. J. Thissen, "Die demotischen Graffiti von Medinet Habu: Zeugnisse zu Tempel und Kult im Ptolemäischen Ägypten", Demotische Studien 10; Sommerhausen, 1989
• Wilson, John A., "Ancient text corrections in Medinet Habu", Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 48-56, 1932

• [24]Uvo Hölscher, with Foreword by J. H. Breasted, "The Excavation of Medinet Habu, Volume 1: General Plans and Views", Oriental Institiute Publications 21, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1934
• [25]Siegfried Schott Translated By Elizabeth B. Hauser, "Wall Scenes from the Mortuary Chapel of the Mayor Paser at Medinet Habu", Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 30, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1957
• [26]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Volume I. Earlier Historical Records of Ramses III", Oriental Institute Publications 8, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1930
• [27]Uvo Hölscher, "Excavations at Ancient Thebes, 1930/31", Oriental Institute Communications 15, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932
• [28]Harold H. Nelson and Uvo Hölscher, with a chapter by Siegfried Schott, "Work in Western Thebes, 1931–33", Oriental Institute Communications 18, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934
• [29]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Volume II. The Later Historical Records of Ramses III", Oriental Institute Publications 9, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1932
• [30]William F. Edgerton and John A. Wilson, "Historical Records of Ramses III: The Texts in Medinet Habu Volumes 1 and 2 Translated With Explanatory", Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 12, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1936
• [31]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Volume III. The Calendar, the “Slaughterhouse,” and Minor Records of Ramses III", Oriental Institute Publications 23, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1934
• [32]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Volume 4. Festival Scenes of Ramses III", Oriental Institute Publications 51, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1940
• [33]Elizabeth Stefanski and Miriam Lichtheim, "Coptic Ostraca from Medinet Habu", Oriental Institute Publications 71, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1952
• [34]Uvo Hölscher, "The Excavation of Medinet Habu, Volume 2: The Temples of the Eighteenth Dynasty", Oriental Institute Publications 41, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1939
• [35]Uvo Hölscher, "The Excavation of Medinet Habu, Volume 3, The Mortuary Temple of Ramses III, Part 1", Oriental Institute Publications 54, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1941
• [36]Uvo Hölscher, "The Excavation of Medinet Habu, Volume IV, The Mortuary Temple of Ramses III, part 2", Oriental Institute Publications, Volume 55, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951
• [37]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Volume V. The Temple Proper, Part I: The Portico, the Treasury, and Chapels Adjoining the First Hypostyle Hall with Marginal Material from the Forecourts", Oriental Institute Publications 83, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1957
• [38]Uvo Hölscher, "Post-Ramessid Remains: The Excavation of Medinet Habu, Volume 5", Oriental Institute Publications 66, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1954
• [39]Miriam Lichtheim, "Demotic Ostraca from Medinet Habu", Oriental Institute Publications 80, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1957
• [40]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Volume VI. The Temple Proper, Part II: The Re Chapel, the Royal Mortuary Complex, and Adjacent Rooms with Miscellaneous Material from the Pylons, the Forecourts, and the First Hypostyle Hall",Oriental Institute Publications 84, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1963
• [41], "Medinet Habu, Vol. VII: The Temple Proper, Pt. III: The Third Hypostyle Hall and All Rooms Accessible from It with Friezes of Scenes from the Roof Terraces and Exterior Walls of the Temple The Epigraphic Survey", Oriental Institute Publications 93, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1964 ISBN 0-226-62196-0
• [42]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu, Vol. VIII: The Eastern High Gate with Translations of Texts The Epigraphic Survey", Oriental Institute Publications 94, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970 ISBN 978-0-22-662197-5
• [43]W. F. Edgerton, "Medinet Habu Graffiti: Facsimiles", Oriental Institute Publications 36, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1937
• [44]Uvo Hölscher, "Medinet Habu 1924–28 Part 1: The Epigraphic Survey of the Great Temple of Medinet Habu (Seasons 1924–25 to 1927–28) Harold H. Nelson Part 2: The Architectural Survey of the Great Temple and Palace of Medinet Habu (Season 1927–28)", Oriental Institute Communications 5, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929
• [45]John A. Wilson, "Medinet Habu Studies 1928/29 Part 1. The Architectural Survey Uvo Hölscher Part 2. The Language of the Historical Texts Commemorating Ramses III", Oriental Institute Communications 7, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930
• [46]Uvo Hölscher, "Medinet Habu Reports Part 1. The Epigraphic Survey, 1928–31 Harold H. Nelson Part 2. The Architectural Survey, 1929/30", Oriental Institute Communications 10, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931
• [47]Emily Teeter, "Scarabs, Scaraboids, Seals, and Seal Impressions from Medinet Habu", Oriental Institute Publications 118, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2003 ISBN 1-885923-22-8
• [48]Emily Teeter, "Baked Clay Figurines and Votive Beds from Medinet Habu", Oriental Institute Publications 133, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2010 ISBN 978-1-885923-58-5
• [49]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu IX. The Eighteenth Dynasty Temple, Part I: The Inner Sanctuaries", Oriental Institute Publications 136, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2009 ISBN 978-1-885923-64-6
• [50]The Epigraphic Survey, "Medinet Habu X. The Eighteenth Dynasty Temple, Part II: The Façade, Pillars, and Architrave Inscriptions of the Thutmosid Peripteros", ISAC Publications 1, Chicago: Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, 2024 ISBN 978-1-61491-103-6 Plates - [51]

• The Epigraphic Survey at 93: Changing the Face of Archaeology - W Raymond Johnson - 2018
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• John Beasly Greene, "Photo of corner of 2nd temple inscription - Medinet-Habu", 1854
• Historic Medinet Habu photographs - Library of Congress
• The Epigraphic Survey - The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
• A Foreign Captive at Medinet Habu - McClung Museum of Natural History & Culture
• Christianization of the ancient temples Byzantine Empire