Isla de Cabras

From top, left to right: Aerial view of Isla Cabras from the Cathedral of Rum in Cataño; panoramic view of the islet from La Fortaleza palace in Old San Juan; view of the islet from Paseo de la Princesa promenade in Old San Juan; view of central part of the islet from the Walls of Old San Juan; and view of northern part of the islet from El Morro fortress in Old San Juan at the entrance to San Juan Bay
Isla de Cabras Show map of Puerto Rico Isla de Cabras Show map of Lesser Antilles Isla de Cabras Show map of Caribbean Isla de Cabras Show map of North America
Geography
Location	San Juan Bay in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Coordinates	18°28′20.51″N 66°8′12.3″W / 18.4723639°N 66.136750°W / 18.4723639; -66.136750
Administration
United States Puerto Rico
Commonwealth	Puerto Rico
Municipality	Toa Baja
Barrio	Palo Seco

Isla de Cabras (Spanish for "goat island") is a small islet in the middle of the mouth of San Juan Bay in northeastern Puerto Rico. Part of the Palo Seco barrio in the Toa Baja municipality, the islet is located at the entrance to San Juan Bay, across from the Old San Juan historic quarter in San Juan Islet in San Juan, the capital municipality of the archipelago and island. Home to Isla de Cabras National Park, a recreational area opened in 1957, it contains El Cañuelo fort, which alongside El Morro fortress on San Juan Islet, protected San Juan Bay, the harbor of Old San Juan, from invasion by competing world powers during the Age of Sail. The ruins of a 19th-century leprosy colony and a World War II fort are located in the islet, which also houses a police firing range since 1950. The Bacardi’s Cathedral of Rum in the adjacent Cataño municipality is directly south of the islet.

Surrounded by reefs and shoals, Isla de Cabras originally consisted of the rocky headland in the north of the islet. However, it was naturally connected to El Cañuelo fort by a shoal historically identified as Bajo del Cañuelo ("Cañuelo Shoal"). In 1943, this narrow, submerged sandbank was landfilled, elevating the partially underwater fort above sea level and creating a road linking the islet and fort with the main island of Puerto Rico at Punta Palo Seco ("dry weed point") in the Toa Baja municipality.^[1][2][3]

Due to its strategic location at the entrance of San Juan Bay, Isla de Cabras provided a strategic point for an effective crossfire with Fort San Felipe del Morro to prevent incoming ships from entering. It also provided defenses for the entrance of the Bayamón River on the other side of the islet.

At the end of the 19th century, a leper colony was established on the island. On December 17, 1876, the governor of Puerto Rico, Segundo de la Portilla, set the first stone of the official building to house lepers, which was completed in 1883. However, it is believed that the colony was established prior to construction of the building.^{[citation needed]}

Upon the occupation of Puerto Rico by American troops in 1898, management of the building was handed over to the government of the island. According to the 1910 US Census, there were 35 people living on the island at that time.^{[citation needed]}

In 1926, a leper asylum was built on the main island (Trujillo Alto) next to a church, and the residents of the colony were moved there. However, the original building still stands on Isla de Cabras.

In the 1940s, the United States built Fort Amezquita (named for Juan de Amézqueta), a few hundred feet from El Cañuelo. The fort was initially called the "Cabras Island Military Reservation". During World War II this fort served as a "concrete gun battery" for the US Army Coast Artillery Corps. In November 1940 the US Army transferred the barrels of three 12-inch coastal guns from Fort Delaware, Delaware; two of these guns were mounted in the fort as Battery Reed with the third as a spare. They were on long-range M1917 barbette carriages and protected by concrete casemates.^{[citation needed]}

In recent years, the grounds that belonged to Fort Amezquita were converted into a shooting range and training area by the P.R.P.D. Ownership of the remaining acres of land were under legal dispute, until they were finally transferred to the Department of Sports and Recreation and opened to the public as the Isla de Cabras Recreational Park,^[4] which is equipped with several gazebos and includes a beach for swimming and fishing.

Places and views in Isla de Cabras:

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  El Morro fortress from Isla de Cabras
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  Breakwater protecting Isla de Cabras
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  Recreational park at Isla de Cabras
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  One of the main gazebos at recreational park (2005)
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  Isla de Cabras from the El Morro fortress
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  Isla de Cabras from the El Morro fortress

• El Cañuelo

• The Bio-political History of Isla de Cabras Leper Colony and the Problematics of the Memorialization of Suffering by Adriana María Garriga López, Columbia UniversityJuan