Français
ItalianoAtakpamé | |
|---|---|
 Atakpamé in 2006 | |
  Atakpamé Location in Togo | |
| Coordinates: 7°31′37″N 1°7′36″E / 7.52694°N 1.12667°E | |
| Country |  Togo |
| Region | Plateaux Region |
| Elevation | 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 84,979 |
Atakpamé is the fifth largest city in Togo by population (84,979 inhabitants in 2006), located in the Plateaux Region of Togo.[1] Cotton production was fostered in the are during German colonial rule.
History
[edit]The Oyo Empire controlled Atakpamé in the 1700s.[2] Dahomey attacked Atakpamé during the reign of Adandozan.[3] Atakpame was a major source of ivory in the 1870s.[4]
In 1898, the Atakpamé district was established in Togoland and it was the last district established under German rule. Colonial Governor Hans Georg von Doering established a district office in Atakpamé that was similar to a manor from East Prussia.[5] The Colonial Council attempted to boost cotton production in Atakpamé in 1900.[6] Christian missionaries were barred from going north of Atakpamé in 1913.[7]
Agbaba, despite being in the Krachi District, was administered from Atakpamé during French rule due to the similar languages in the areas.[8]
It was during this campaign that Alhaji Grunshi fired the first shot by anyone in British service during the war. Most native residents of the city are the Ana subgroup of the Yoruba people.[9][10]
Demographics
[edit]The Ewe language is spoken in Atakpamé.[11] During German rule the area had a permanent Muslim population of 50.[12]
Infrastructure
[edit]A railway between Atakpamé and Lomé was completed in 1911.[13]
Climate
[edit]Atakpamé has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) characterised by a short dry season with the northeasterly harmattan trade winds from November to February and a lengthy though not intense wet season between March and October.[14]
| Climate data for Atakpamé (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 38.8 (101.8) | 39.5 (103.1) | 40.0 (104.0) | 39.3 (102.7) | 38.5 (101.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 33.0 (91.4) | 35.0 (95.0) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.9 (98.4) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.5 (94.1) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.1 (89.8) | 30.4 (86.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.5 (83.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 31.1 (88.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.9 (91.2) | 31.8 (89.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.9 (82.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.3 (77.5) | 26.3 (79.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.0 (80.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.0 (71.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.4 (63.3) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.9 (64.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 14.4 (57.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.8 (0.27) | 25.2 (0.99) | 65.7 (2.59) | 116.7 (4.59) | 161.8 (6.37) | 189.8 (7.47) | 231.7 (9.12) | 208.8 (8.22) | 204.8 (8.06) | 132.5 (5.22) | 13.6 (0.54) | 10.1 (0.40) | 1,367.5 (53.84) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.9 | 2.5 | 7.1 | 9.6 | 12.3 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 11.4 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 112.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 58 | 67 | 75 | 79 | 84 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 83 | 71 | 57 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 231.6 | 219.6 | 213.2 | 200.9 | 218.4 | 171.1 | 114.1 | 98.8 | 124.3 | 203.4 | 252.8 | 245.4 | 2,293.6 |
| Source 1: NOAA (sun 1961-1990)[14][15] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1961-1990)[16] | |||||||||||||
International relations
[edit]Twin towns — Sister cities
[edit]Atakpamé is twinned with:
Niort, France
Sources
[edit]- Fage, J.D. and Roland Oliver (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 4 c. 1600 - c. 1790. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 811. ISBN 0-521-20981-1.
References
[edit]- ^ "Atakpamé". Britannica Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
- ^ Akinjogbin 1966, p. 455.
- ^ Kea 1969, p. 35.
- ^ Strickrodt 2015, p. 219.
- ^ Habermas 2014, p. 67.
- ^ Habermas 2014, p. 69.
- ^ Zimmerman 2010, p. 124.
- ^ Bening 1983, p. 197.
- ^ Kola Abimbola (2006). Yoruba Culture: A Philosophical Account. iroko academic publishers. p. 36. ISBN 9781905388004.
- ^ James Stuart Olson (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary (ABC-Clio ebook). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 28. ISBN 9780313279188.
- ^ MacDougald 1944, p. 13.
- ^ Norris 1984, p. 182.
- ^ a b "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kara". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
- ^ "Atakpame Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Atakpamé / Togo" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
Works cited
[edit]Books
[edit]- MacDougald, Duncan (1944). The Languages and Press of Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Strickrodt, Silke (2015). Afro-European Trade in the Atlantic World: The Western Slave Coast, c. 1550- c. 1885. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9781782044284.
- Zimmerman, Andrew (2010). Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire, and the Globalization of the New South. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400834976.
Journals
[edit]- Akinjogbin, I. (1966). "The Oyo Empire in the 18th Century: A Reassessment". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 3 (3). Historical Society of Nigeria: 449–460. doi:10.2307/41856706. JSTOR 41856706.
- Amenumey, D. (1969). "German Administration in Southern Togo". The Journal of African History. 10 (4). Cambridge University Press: 623–639. doi:10.2307/179902. JSTOR 179902.
- Bening, R. (1983). "The Ghana-Togo Boundary, 1914-1982". Africa Spectrum. 18 (2). Sage Publishing: 191–209. doi:10.2307/40174115. JSTOR 40174115.
- Habermas, Rebekka (2014). "Lost in Translation: Transfer and Nontransfer in the Atakpame Colonial Scandal". The Journal of Modern History. 86 (1). University of Chicago Press: 47–80. doi:10.1086/674380. JSTOR 674380.
- Kea, R. (1969). "Akwamu-Anlo Relations, c. 1750-1813". Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana. 10. Historical Society of Ghana: 29–63. doi:10.2307/41406349. JSTOR 41406349.
- Norris, Edward (1984). "The Hausa Kola Trade Through Togo, 1899-1912: Some Quantifications". Paideuma. Frobenius Institute: 161–184. doi:10.2307/23076627. JSTOR 23076627.
Explore the world
United states
New York
Japan
Tokyo
Singapore
Singapore
