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ItalianoLa Amistad International Park
La Amistad International Park
La Amistad International Park (Spanish: Parque Internacional La Amistad, or PILA) is one of the largest and most biodiverse protected areas in Central America. Spanning both sides of the Costa Rica–Panama border, it covers more than 400,000 hectares of tropical forest, cloud forest, and highland páramo. It is a binational conservation effort located within the Talamanca Mountain Range.
Understand
[edit]The park area is equally split between Costa Rica and Panama, as part of the former La Amistad Reserves of the Talamanca mountain range. It covers 401,000 ha of tropical forest and is the largest nature reserve in Central America and together with a 15 km buffer zone it represents a major biodiversity resource at a regional (ca 20% of the regions species diversity) and global level. This is recognized in its strategic position in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and its designation as a 
UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its cross-frontier position gives it unique potential to improve bioregional planning.
History
[edit]The park was created to protect the unique ecosystems of the Talamanca range, one of the oldest geological formations in the Americas. It was declared an international park as a symbol of cross-border cooperation. Between 2003 and 2008, significant scientific expeditions led by the Natural History Museum (London), INBio (Costa Rica), and the University of Panama helped catalog its biodiversity—leading to the discovery of dozens of new species of plants, amphibians, and insects.
Ecosystem
[edit]Flora
[edit]La Amistad contains a wide variety of ecological zones, including:
- Lowland tropical rainforests.
- Montane cloud forests.
- Alpine páramo ecosystems at higher elevations.
Key vegetation includes towering oak and magnolia trees, bromeliads, orchids, ferns, and numerous endemic and medicinal plants used by Indigenous groups.
Fauna
[edit]More than 500 bird species have been recorded, along with many mammals, amphibians, and insects:
- Mammals: jaguar, puma, Baird’s tapir, howler monkeys, white-faced capuchins.
- Birds: resplendent quetzal, toucanets, crested eagle.
- Amphibians: glass frogs, endemic salamanders.
- Reptiles: tree snakes, rare lizards.
- Insects: native butterflies, beetles, and stingless bees.
Landscape
[edit]The park’s buffer zone includes coffee and beef producers and indigenous subsistence farmers. A consequence of the difficulty of the terrain, the park is relatively unexplored.
Climate
[edit]Panama
[edit]The climate varies from hot and humid in the lowlands to cool and misty in the mountains. Average temperatures range from 12 °C to 25 °C depending on elevation. Rainfall can exceed 3,000 mm annually, with some areas receiving up to 7,000 mm. The driest season is typically December to April.
Costa Rica
[edit]The Costa Rican side also has a wide range of climates. Average temperatures range from 20 °C in the lowlands to 10 °C in the highlands. Rainfall averages 3,800 mm per year, with around 195 rainy days annually. September and October are the wettest months.
Bring rain gear, hiking boots, and insect repellent year-round.
Get in
[edit]From Panama
[edit]By air
[edit]- To Chiriquí: Flights from Panama City (Albrook Airport) to David (Enrique Malek Airport). From David, take land transport to Cerro Punta or Las Nubes—main access points to the park.
- To Bocas del Toro: Flights to Isla Colón are available, but access to the park from Bocas is limited and less developed.
By land
[edit]- From Panama City to Chiriquí: Buses or private vehicles to David (7–8 hours), then onward to Las Nubes or Cerro Punta.
- From Panama City to Bocas del Toro: Bus to Almirante (9–10 hours), then a boat to Isla Colón. Access to the park from here is more complicated.
From Costa Rica
[edit]By air
[edit]- Flights from San José to Golfito or San Isidro de El General. From there, travel by road to communities near the park.
By land
[edit]- From San José via the Inter-American Highway South to towns such as San Vito or Buenos Aires (Puntarenas). From there, access different park sectors.
Some areas require certified guides or permits issued by MiAMBIENTE (Ministry of Environment, Panama) or SINAC (National System of Conservation Areas).
Fees and permits
[edit]Panama
[edit]- Nationals & residents: B/. 4.00
- Foreign visitors: B/. 7.00
- Seniors (nationals/residents): B/. 2.00
- Children under 12: Free
Costa Rica
[edit]- Nationals & residents: ₡800 (~$1.60)
- Foreign visitors: ₡5,070 (~$10.00)
Camping is allowed in designated areas with prior permission. Contact MiAMBIENTE (Panama) or SINAC (Costa Rica) for information. Certified guides are recommended for long hikes or special activities like night tours.
Get around
[edit]
- On foot: The primary way to explore the park. Guided hikes are recommended.
- Horse or mule: Common in rural or remote areas for transport and gear.
- 4x4 vehicles: Often required to reach park entrances, especially in the rainy season.
See
[edit]In Panama
[edit]- El Retono Trail: A short cloud forest trail near Las Nubes.
- La Amistad Lookout: Panoramic views of the Chiriquí Valley and the Talamanca mountains.
- Hidden waterfalls: Accessible via guided hikes from Las Nubes or Río Sereno.
- Quetzal sightings: Best from January to June near Guadalupe or Los Pozos.
- Indigenous petroglyphs: Viewable only with authorized guides from local communities.
In Costa Rica
[edit]- Roble or Quetzales Trails: Cross the cloud forest in the Altamira sector, ideal for birdwatching.
- Cerro Kamuk Lookout: The highest point in the park (Costa Rica side), requires a special permit.
- Waterfalls in the Biolley Sector: Best explored with local guides.
- Archaeological and cultural sites: Accessible with guides in Bribri or Cabécar territories.
Do
[edit]
Hiking
[edit]In Panama
[edit]- Sendero El Retoño.
- Sendero Panamá Verde.
- Sendero La Cascada.
In Costa Rica
[edit]- Sendero Gigantes del Bosque.
- Sendero Valle del Silencio.
- Ruta Cerro Kámuk.
Other entertainment
[edit]- Birdwatching: Spot over 500 bird species including iconic quetzals and hummingbirds.
- Environmental education: Tours of research stations like Las Nubes or Altamira.
- Nature photography: Misty forests and diverse wildlife make this a top destination.
- Community tourism: Cultural experiences with Indigenous groups on both sides of the park.
Buy
[edit]- Indigenous crafts: Wooden carvings, baskets, beaded jewelry, handwoven textiles.
- Local products: Highland coffee (Guadalupe, Biolley), organic honey, handmade chocolate, fresh fruit.
Eat & Drink
[edit]- In Panama: Small eateries in Cerro Punta, Las Nubes, and Río Sereno. In remote areas, bring your own supplies.
- In Costa Rica: Basic food services in Biolley, Altamira, and San Vito. Some communities offer home-cooked meals with prior booking.
- Park stations: Have only basic provisions—bring food and water.
Sleep
[edit]In Panama
[edit]- Lodges, hostels, and rural accommodations in Guadalupe, Las Nubes, and Río Sereno.
- Rustic camping at ranger stations (permit required).
- Community homestays in Indigenous areas (with prior arrangement).
In Costa Rica
[edit]- Similar lodging options in Biolley, Altamira, and San Vito.
- Biological stations with simple facilities.
- Community-based tourism lodging arranged via local groups.
Stay safe
[edit]- Always hike with a certified local guide, especially on remote or border trails.
- Bring GPS, topographic maps, and a compass for long hikes.
- Do not drink untreated river or stream water.
- Tell someone your route, destination, and expected return.
- Respect Indigenous community rules and cultural practices.
Park rules
[edit]- Pack out all trash—leave no waste behind.
- Do not remove plants, animals, or rocks.
- Fires are only allowed in designated areas and if conditions permit.
- Avoid loud music or noise that disturbs wildlife.
- Visits to Indigenous communities require permission and a guide.
After returning to your lodging, thoroughly check yourself for any insects or parasites that may have attached during the hike.
Contact
[edit]Panama
[edit]- MiAMBIENTE regional offices in Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro.
- Offices in Cerro Punta, Las Nubes, and Changuinola.
- Ranger stations use radio or satellite communication due to limited mobile coverage.
Costa Rica
[edit]- SINAC offices for La Amistad Pacific (ACLAP) and La Amistad Caribbean (ACLAC).
- Locations in San Vito, Altamira, and Pittier.
- Ranger stations with radio; limited mobile service in highland areas.
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